EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REPRESSIVE AND CRIMINOLOGICAL MODELS OF TRAFFIC SAFETY

Abstract

In the scientific article, based on the results of empirical and theoretical research, an attempt was made to determine the effectiveness of punitive and non-punitive approaches to increase the level of road traffic safety and transport operation by reducing mortality and traffic injuries, as well as preventing motor vehicle offenses. Manifestations of the tendency of the modern state policy of Ukraine in the specified sphere towards repression are highlighted: criminalization of certain acts; strengthening of administrative responsibility for certain offenses in transport; the appropriate organizational attitude of the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and the National Police, active use of coercion in the activities of bodies and units of the patrol police. It was emphasized that the non-punitive (criminological) model of road safety is based on the European Vision Zero strategy. It concerns traffic management, safe roads, modern vehicles, ensuring the movement of road users, and post-accident activities. A thorough criminological analysis of administrative fines for committing the most common offenses in the field of traffic and transport operation in many EU member states was carried out. Correlative interdependencies between the level of road safety in the relevant European states and the amount of fines for some traffic offenses, as well as the level of GDP per capita, have been established. Such an analysis was also conducted for Ukraine. It is emphasized that the assessment of the level of road safety should take into account not only legal, but also primarily economic factors. It was established that the criminological (non-punitive) model of traffic safety is more effective compared to the repressive approach. At the same time, a combined model of prevention of motor vehicle offenses should be applied in Ukraine. It covers criminological and some coercive measures.